What Happened To Oriole Regression?

After a breakout 2012 in which they won 29 of 35 one-run games, barely outscored their opponents, cobbled together a roster out of chewing gum, duct tape and their entire minor league system -- and won 93 times en route to the Wild Card, everyone paying attention predicted a hard fall for the Baltimore Orioles in 2013.

And so it has come to pass, minus the hard fall. As of the weekend, the O's are in second place in the brutal AL East, 10 games over .500. They have a better run differential than last year and a more normal one-run distribution (12-11) but they are still one of the AL's premier teams.

And they still don't have any starting pitching.

The O's have hit the most home runs in baseball . . . and surrendered the most as well. 

They lead the league in runs scored, they're third in batting average, first in slugging percentage and third in OPS . . and they're next to last in runs allowed and ERA.

Seven of their nine starters have hit above average, with catcher Matt Wieters close enough for a catcher . . . and 36 of their 82 starts have been made by pitchers with ERAs above 5.00. 

Led by Chris Davis's amazing season (201 OPS+) and Manny Machado's startling rookie season (record-breaking doubles pace), the O's are dancing with the Bostons and New Yorks by pounding the horsehide, defending it and squeezing the best pitching out of the key members of their relief corps. Absent a #1 starter (or even a #2 -- Wei-Yin Chen, anyone?) manager Buck Showalter has mixed and matched a sextet of bullpen arms into a 3.42 ERA, 23% better than league average.

The bad news going forward is that the Birds will find it difficult to pry a top starter from this year's also-rans. They lack the cash and the prospects it would take to secure even the middling roster of names purportedly on the trading block. The good news is that if anyone can coax competence out of the arms in their system, Showalter and GM Dan Duquette can. 

Davis will almost certainly cool as the weather heats, but the return of injured second-sacker Brian Roberts and more production from outfielders Nick Markakis and Adam Jones (eight walks all season) will keep the offense in high gear. Their ability to solve or circumvent the pitching woes will determine whether last year's fluke becomes a habit.

Small Sample Size Fun

If the first three weeks of the season are any indication, the Mets' Matt Harvey is the greatest pitcher of all time. Harvey has dominated opposing batters to the tune of 4-0, 0.93 with 10 hits allowed in 29 innings. He'd won just three games in his entire career before this (10 starts last season.)

And Cardinal first baseman Matt Adams is the greatest masher in history. His .524/.565/1.048 slash stats represent seven games of near invincibility. His 23 plate appearances have produced two walks and 11 hits -- three homers, two doubles and six singles. His 1.613 OPS is more than triple the league average.

Justin Upton leads the majors with nine bombs. Upton didn't smack his ninth last season until August, more than 100 games into the season. His .820 slugging percentage with Atlanta nearly doubles last year's work with Arizona. If you average out the Uptons, by adding in the struggles of Justin's older brother and outfield-mate BJ, you get a less Ruthian .235/.314/.568. I suspect the Uptons would cotton to an .882 OPS in 2013; they'd just like it distributed more evenly.

How about Mr. Vottomatic, Cincinatti's Joey Votto? There's nothing flukey about Votto pacing the majors in walks, but 24 free passes in 80 plate appearances is a bit rich for a guy with just one home run. Votto's on base average of .500 dwarfs his pedestrian .377 slugging average. Most players with upside-down OBP-SLG numbers are Slappy McSpeedster types, not MVP candidates.

Baltimore first baseman Chris Davis is a hero or zero kind of guy. Last season he helped the surprising Orioles by blasting 33 jacks, but otherwise fanned 169 times with just 37 walks, a nearly 5-1 ratio. He's improved on both in 15 games so far this year -- 13 Ks and nine BBs -- en route to the AL lead in homers, RBIs and OPS.

With 21 RBI in 16 games, journeyman backstop John Buck leads the majors, despite playing his home games in the offense-suppressant Citi Field surrounded by a lineup of Justin Turner, David Murphy and Ike Davis (and, to be fair, David Wright). Buck brought home 41 runs in seven times as many 2012 plate appearances.

But if power is your thing, Oakland's Coco Crisp is your guy. With five home runs, seven doubles and a triple in just 58 at bats, Crisp leads MLB in extra base hits. That's an extra base hit every 4.5 at bats. In his previous 4400 major league at bats, Crisp crushed 378 extra base hits, about once every 11.5 at bats. Can you say "regression?"

Kurt Suzuki can. The Nationals' catcher entered today's tilt against the Mets at a handsome .321/.444/.714. An oh-fer day left him at .281/.366/.625. Still attractive, but hardly photo-worthy. Two more days like that and he'll be right around his career numbers of .256/.313/.383.

That Ranger fireballer Yu Darvish is mowing down opponents like a landscaping business requires no regression. The Japanese import whiffed 221 in 192 innings last year. He's blowing them away at an even higher rate this year, but it's his consistency that's so noteworthy. In 33 lifetime starts, Darvish has fanned 10 or more one-third of the time.

It's been a painful start for another Far Eastern product, Reds outfielder Shin-soo Choo, but it could get him into the record books. Choo has thrust out an elbow, pointed a thigh, leaned in a sleeve and turned a back to seven hit-by-pitches in just 77 plate appearances. At this rate, a full season of visits to the batters box will obliterate the single season record of 51 HBPs, which has stood for 115 years. 

Of course, "at this rate" may be the three dumbest words in the baseball lexicon, just ahead of "good RBI guy." It's still so early that Matt Cain doesn't yet have a win. Let's wait until Craig Kimbrell allows a run -- say June -- before we put any stock in the numbers.

BABIP Regressors: Pitchers to Watch

If you're in the market to sign a starting pitcher, it would be helpful to know what performance to expect from the various options. Unfortunately, while there are plenty of rear view mirrors, only Mr. Peabody & Sherman can tell you what lies ahead, and their time machine stopped working in 1971.

Nonetheless, we gaze into the past and salt our observations with what it all portends. Which brings us to pitcher BABIP.

Research over the years since Voros McCracken elucidated the theory that pitchers don't control the results once a ball is put in play has uncovered a grain of truth in his finding. While some pitchers can maintain a lower BABIP over their entire career, it's still true that large variations from their own established levels can often be attributed to a smiling deity. Because deities are fickle, this element of a player's performance tends not to repeat itself over time.

All of which is a long way of saying that some pitchers appeared to be particularly lucky or unlucky in 2012 and may be expected to deliver more or less of the goods in 2013. 

Let's take a look:

League average BABIP is about .298. That is, batters hit just under .300 when they aren't striking out, homering, walking or getting dinged by pitches. In 2011, Braves lefty Mike Minor suffered through a season of .350 BABIP, so while he pitched solidly, his ERA of 4.14 belied it.

In 2012, the league adjusted to Minor and his performance wasn't nearly as strong. But his ERA held steady (4.12) thanks to a .256 BABIP. Nothing in his underlying performance, or in the defense behind him, suggested such a change. That means Atlanta should hold the reins on expectations for the 25-year-old Vanderbilt man.

If Minor inspires warning flags, the regression sirens have to be blaring around Kyle Lohse. Over the last two years, Lohse is 30-11, 3.10, following a 10-year career of 88-98, 4.50. It's likely that Lohse has figured something out, but BABIPs of .269 and .262, compared to a lifetime BABIP right around league average, hasn't hurt. The music eventually stops, and 2013 is as good a time as any. Add to that his age-34 season and Lohse is in for major regression.

Jeremy Hellickson enjoyed a .262 BABIP last season, but is he in for regression? Hellickson's three-year career in St. Petersburg has been a study in confounding the numbers. Over 403 innings, Hellickson has a career BABIP of .244, which suggests that he might be doing something special (or playing behind a special defense) that's tamping down opponent batting average. Either that or the dude has been abidingly lucky and is going to crash in 2013. Hellickson has a lifetime ERA 0f 3.06, but the statheads suggest he's more like a .450 ERA pitcher. We'll see.

Then there's Gio Gonzalez, who entered MLB in 2008 with Oakland. Here is the arc of Gio's career, expressed in ERA: 
2008 - 7.68
2009 - 5.65
2010 - 3.23
2011 - 3.12
2012 - 2.89

So the fact that batted balls fell safely at just a .267 clip last year doesn't dull his prospects much. Gonzalez has a lifetime BABIP of just .286; perhaps in part because his two home parks, Oakland and Washington, are BABIP dampers; so if he regresses even to his 2011 performance, he's still a star in 2013.

Max Scherzer had a terrific 2012, going 16-7, 3.74 with 231 strikeouts. That last figure helped dull the impact of a .333 BABIP. That's fortunate, because it's likely that a chunk of Scherzer's BABIP lies at the feet of immobile infielders who will be back with the Tigers, barring a major surprise, in 2013.

It's just the opposite for Nathan Eovaldi, the young Marlin righty who relies on his defense more than average. His .316 BABIP in L.A. and Miami was particularly harmful to his stat line, a painful 4-13, 4.30 that overstates his struggles. Given his youth, Eovaldi is headed for what will look like a breakout in 2013.

One last interesting case -- in nearly every respect -- is R.A. Dickey. Kuncklers have a history of outfoxing the whole BABIP system, but Dickey has maintained nearly identical BABIPs around .275 since returning with the scroogie in 2010. It's quite possible that Dickey as not been particularly lucky, just particularly adept, and that his run of extraordinary performances could continue.